Cross Cultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cross Cultural Management - Essay Example Time Focus (Monochromic and Polychromic): Monochromic culture means the people doing one thing at a time. They value a certain sense and orderliness of there being on correct place and time for everything. There is no value interruption. In Spain and Poland, monochromic culture gives control on the situations by professional managers, bureaucratic structure, time management, technology etc. concentrating on time and efficiency and planning and schedule for the productivity. They believe that professional and personal lives are separate. They live to work, not work to live. Their privacy and private property are used to maximum yield. They improve their productivity efficiency in their property. â€Å"Soundproof, private offices to minimize work distractions and shut people out.  Careerism and workaholism as the main source of self-identity† (Cultural Characteristics and Classifications 2011). They also believe in careerism and workaholism as the main source of self-identity. For business people, in monochromic culture, schedules and punctuality are very important. Time schedule and deadlines are tend to be rigid and monochromic people’s meetings are interrupted very rarely. Poland generally follows monochromic culture. But in the case of polychromic culture, people do multiple things at a time. â€Å"People and relationships are more important, in this culture; schedules and deadlines tend to be quite flexible and meetings are frequently interrupted† (Gesteland 1999). Here, people use time to relax and enjoyments. Because they believe in live to work and not work to live. They do changes in plans according to the business needs and environments. These people are fatalistic believers. External environment will control the human events. They give more than one priority for a time. Spain and other many Latin American and Asian countries are followers of polychromic culture. Time orientations: (past, present and future) The time orientation i n a culture means the thinking about past, present and future. It talks about how a culture values time and how they can control believes of people. The past-oriented culture is concerned with old or traditional values and follows traditional ways to do things. They look conservative in management and make no changes in thing that are tied to the past. â€Å"Present-oriented societies include the rest of the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. They see the past as passed and the future as uncertain. They prefer short-term benefits. Future-oriented societies have a great deal of optimism about the future. They think they understand it and can shape it through their actions. They view management as a matter of planning, doing and controlling (as opposed to going with the flow, letting things happen)† (Differences in Cultures n.d.). The U.S and Brazil are future-oriented countries. Power: Hierarchy and Equality: Hierarchy: A characteristic feature of the Poland economy is the commitment and the participation of the people in the countries day to day affair. The Poland is a patriotic nation with the well-built invasions from the various countries; they uphold a good cultural identity, where they had an established autonomy. Usually it is seen that the administration functioning hours are from 8 am to 4 pm and there are frequent international businesses and company that utilize foreign staff in a more western move toward long working

Nationalism in Italian and German Unification, 1815-1871 Essay

Nationalism in Italian and German Unification, 1815-1871 - Essay Example Particularly in the smaller states the prince remains the embodiment of national ideals. This dynastic loyalty implied by the seventeenth century, in any case, the works of a prevalent national consciousness concentrated though it could be upon the governing divine monarch. All over Europe the mercantilist scheme put emphasis on the precedence of national consciousness and interest over those of other nations. Nationalism assumed on various forms as it infiltrated different ways of observing the world and the nation. There is no solitary nationalism; there is in its place a diversity of nationalisms. Furthermore, these nationalisms developed within the paradigm of the varied European countries. However, in this development we can make out a number of common milestones. Otto Van Bismarck of Germany, the genuine politician, approached the front, whereas in Italy the ambitious Giuseppe Mazzini was succeeded by the pragmatic Camillo Cavour, whose preferred philosopher was Jeremy Bentham, a renowned Utilitarian (llobera 1994). National aspirations were guided toward practical accomplishments through peacekeeping or military hostility. This was merely one transition in nationalism after 1848, nonetheless; there was another. This essay will attempt to discuss a comparative point of view on the form of nationalism that developed in Italy and Germany in the Unification attempts initiated in the nineteenth century.